All Python Built-in Functions | Syntax And Examples

Python language is one of the fastest growing programming language used in many fields like :- artificial intelligence, machine learning, web development, gaming so on. It is widely used language because of the availability great community support, built-in functions, built-in modules, and many various libraries for different purposes.

In this article we are only going to talk about almost all the built-in functions of python along with their python syntax and examples in an easy and reliable manner.

Python built-in functions

Python built-in functions are the functions which are pre-defined i.e functions which are already available in the python for use.

1. Abs()

Abs() or absolute function is used to  return absolute value of a number i.e if the number is negative in makes it positive.

Syntax

 abs(num) , 

where num = any number.

Abs() parameters

Num => can be integer, float, or complex number. If complex number only magnitude is returned.

Abs() Examples

# integer number

num1 = abs(-3.5)

print(num1)

num2 = abs(4.6)

print(num2)

#float number

num3 = abs(-35.332)

print(num3)

#complex number

num4 = abs(-4 + 6j)

print(num4)

Output

3.5

4.6

35.332

7.211102550927978

2. All()

All() python function returns Boolean value; returns true if all values of iterable are "true" and "false" if not.

Syntax

 all(iterable)

All() parameters

Iterable =>python iterable object like :- list, tuple, & dictionary.

All() Examples

list = ['one', 'two', 'three']
a = all(list)
print(a)

tuple = (1,0,2,3)
b = all(tuple)
print(b)

dic = {}
c = all(dic)
print(c)

Output

True
False
True

3. Any()

Any() function also returns Boolean value i.e return  "True" if any value of iterable is true and return "false" if not.

Syntax

any(iterable)

Any() parameters

Iterable => iterable object like :- list, tuple, & dictionary.

Any() Examples

list = ['one', 'two', 'three']
a = any(list)
print(a)

tuple = (0,0,0,0)
b = any(tuple)
print(b)

dic = {}
c = any(dic)
print(c)

Output

True
False
False

4. ASCII(object)

ascii() function returns a python string containing printable representation of python object.

This function escape the non-Ascii characters with ASCII characters using /x, /u, or /U.

Syntax

 ascii(object)

Ascii() parameters

Object => python objects like :- string, list, tuple, dictionary, etc.

Ascii() Examples

list = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'çàt']
a = ascii(list)
print(a)

string = 'helló world'
b = ascii(string)
print(b)

Output

['one', 'two', 'three', '\xe7\xe0t']
'hell\xf3 world'

5. Bin()

Bin() python function returns binary string of a integer number and always starts with prefix "0b".

Syntax 

bin(x)

Bin() parameters

x => an integer number.

Bin() Examples

a = 10
b = bin(a)
print(b)

c = 284
d = bin(c)
print(d)

Output

0b1010
0b100011100

6. Bool()

Bool() function always return value in "true" or "false". Returns False if object is null, false, or 0 ; Otherwise returns True.

Syntax

 bool(object)

Bool() parameters

Object => python object like string, number, etc.

Bool() Examples

a = []
print(bool(a))

b = ['python', 'language']
c = bool(b)
print(c)

string =''
a = bool(string)
print(a)

Output

False
True
False

7. Bytearray()

Bytearray() function returns a python mutable array of a byte.

Syntax 

 Bytearray(source, encoding, errors)

Bytearray() parameters

Source - source to use when creating array of byte object. If it is an integer, bytearray object is created of that size. If it is a string, another parameter i.e encoding is required.

Encoding - form of encoding of a string like 'utf-8', 'ascii' .

Errors - specific what to do when error occurs.

Bytearray() Examples

a = [2,35, 55, 44 ,46, 44]
b = bytearray(a)
b.append(4)
print(b)

a = bytearray(3)
print(a)

a = bytearray('python', 'utf-8')
print(a)

Output

bytearray(b'\x02#7,.,\x04')
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00')
bytearray(b'python')

8. Bytes()

This function returns the python byte object. It is a immutable array of a byte range from 0 <=x <256.

The difference between Bytearray and Bytes is that bytes object are immutable while bytearray object are mutable.

Syntax 

 bytes(source, encoding, errors)

Bytes() parameters

Source - source to use when creating array of bytes. If it is an integer, bytearray object is created of that size. If it is a string, another parameter i.e encoding is required.

Encoding - form of encoding of a string.

Errors (optional) - specify what to do when error occurs.

Bytes() Examples

a = [2,35, 55, 44 ,46, 44]
b = bytes(a)
print(b)

a = bytes(3)
print(a)

a = bytes('python', 'utf-8')
print(a)

Output

b'\x02#7,.,'
b'\x00\x00\x00'
b'python'

9. Callable()

Callable() function returns Boolean value. It returns True if object is callable and False if not.

Syntax 

 callable(object)

Callable() parameters

Object - any python object you want to check if it is callable or not. Callable objects like classes, function, etc.

Callable() Examples

def func() :
 print('hello world')

f = callable(func)
print(f)

a = 4848
b = callable(a)
print(b)

Output

True
False

10. Chr()

Chr() function returns a character for an integer represents unicode code point of a character.

Integer ranges from => 0 - 1,114,111

Syntax 

chr(integer)

Chr() parameters

integer - an integer number.

Int() Examples

a = chr(58), chr(38)
print(a)

Output

(':', '&')

11. @Classmethod

Classmethod function of python returns a class method for a given method.

Syntax
@classmethod

@classmethod Examples

class employer:
bonus = 5000

@classmethod
def set_bonus(cls, amount):
cls.bonus = amount

puneet = employer()
print('bonus : ',puneet.bonus)

employer.set_bonus(6000)
print('new bonus : ',puneet.bonus)

Output

bonus :  5000
new bonus :  6000

12. Compile()

The compile() function is not used commonly.

Syntax

 compile(source, filename, mode, flags, dont_inherit, optimize)

compile() parameters

source - source can be normal string, byte string, or AST object

filename - file name from which source comes. If no source comes from file you can write ("") like this.

mode - mode can be 'exec', 'eval', or 'single'. exec, if source consist of blocks of statement, eval, if source consist of single expression and single, if source is a single interactive statement

flags (flags) - control  which future statements effect the compilation of source (default : 0).

dont_inherit (optional) - it also control which future statements effect the complication of source (default : False).

optimize (optional) => optimization level of the compiler (default = -1).

Compile() Examples

a = 5

b = compile('a+5', '' ,'eval')

c = eval(b)

print(c)

Output => 10

x = 4

bytes_str = bytes('x==4', 'utf-8')

code = compile(bytes_str, '', 'eval')

result = eval(code)

print(result)

Output => True

import ast

a = ast.parse("print('hello world')")

b = compile(a, '', 'exec')

c = exec(b)

Output => hello world

a = 5

b = 40

c = compile('a*b, "/n",print("a*b =",a*b)', '', 'exec')

d = exec(c)

Output => a*b = 200

a = compile('37', 'j', 'single')

exec(a)

Output => 37

13. Complex()

Complex() function takes 2 arguments - real number and imaginary number and returns complex number.

Syntax

 complex(real, imaginary)

complex() parameters

real - real number of the complex number.

imaginary - imaginary number of the complex number.

Complex() Examples

a = complex(4,8)
print(a)

Output

(4+8j)

14. Delattr()

Delattr() function takes 2 arguments - class & attribute. And delete specific attribute of a class.

Syntax

 delattr(object, attribute)

delattr() parameters

object - name of the python object.

attribute - name of the attribute you want to delete.

Delattr() Examples

class python:
      a = 68

print(python.a)
c = delattr(python,'a')
print(c)

Output

68
None

15. Dict()

Dict() function creates a new python dictionary object.

Syntax

 dict(**kwargs)

dict() parameters

**kwargs - keyword arguments like (key=value, ..)

Dict() Examples

dictionary = dict(((1,'one'),(2,'two'),(3,'three'),(4,'four')))
print(dictionary)

Output

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three', 4: 'four'}

 16. Dir()

Dir() function returns a python list of specified object's attributes and methods.

Syntax

 dir(object)

dir() parameters

object - object you want to see the attributes and methods of.

Dir() Examples

a = 'my name is python'
b = dir(a)
print(b)

Output

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

17. Divmod()

Divmod() function takes 2 arguments - dividend & divisor ; and returns tuple of quotient and reminder.

Syntax

divmod(dividend, divisor)

divmod() Parameters

dividend - number you want to divide.

divisor - number you want to divide from.

Divmod() Examples

a = divmod(22,8)
print(a)

output

(2, 6)

18.Enumerate()

Enumerate() function refers to the python built-in function which is used to add counter to the iterable and return it as an enumerate object.

Syntax

enumerate(iterable,start)

enumerate parameters

iterable - python iterable object.

start (optional) - start number of the enumerate object. Default=0.

Enumerate() Examples

array = [3,83,47,38,20]
a = enumerate(array)
for i in a:
 print(i)

Output

(0, 3)
(1, 83)
(2, 47)
(3, 38)
(4, 20)

19. Eval()

Eval() function takes a string as an argument and evaluate it as an python expression.

Syntax

eval(expression, globals, locals)

eval() parameters

expression - string evaluated as a python expression.

globals (optional) - dictionary containing global parameters.

locals (optional) - dictionary containing local parameters.

Eval() Examples

x=3
a = eval('x+38')
print(a)

b = eval('x+y',{'x':36,'y':44})
print(b)

Output

41
80

20. Exec()

Exec() function execute the python code.

Syntax

exec(object, globals, locals)

exec() parameters

Object - object can be string or a code object.

Globals (optional) - dictionary containing global parameters.

locals (optional) - dictionary containing local parameters.

Exec() Examples

from math import *

exec("print(len('jay'))")

exec('print(fact(10))', {'fact': factorial}) 

Output

3

3628800

21. Filter()

Filter() function returns an iterator for each element of specified iterable for which python function returns true.

Syntax

filter(function, iterable)

Filter() parameters

Function - function name from which you want to filter.

Iterable - iterable you want to filter.

Filter() Examples

def func(x):
 if x>10:
  return True

 else:
  return False
list = [3,48,3,0,7,28,4,5]
a = filter(func,list)

for i in a:
 print(i)

Output

48
28

22. Float()

This built-in function returns float value of specified value.

Syntax

float(value)

Float() parameters

Value - any number.

Float() Examples

a = float(38)
print(a)

Output

38.0

23. Format()

Convert a specified value into specified format.

Syntax

format(value, format)

Format() parameters

Value - any value

Format - format in which you want to covert.

Format() Examples

a =  5
print('a={}'.format(a))

Output

a=5

24. Frozenset()

Frozenset() function returns the immutable or unchangeable frozenset object.

Syntax

frozenset(iterable)

Frozenset() parameters

Iterable -like list, tuple, dictionary, set.

Frozenset() Examples

list = [3,73,37,4,6,8]

a = frozenset(list)
print(a)

a = 'python'
print(frozenset(a))

Output

frozenset({3, 4, 37, 6, 8, 73})
frozenset({'n', 'o', 'h', 't', 'p', 'y'})

25. Getattr()

Getattr() function returns the value of the specific object's attribute.

Syntax

getattr(object, attribute, default)

Getattr() parameters

Object - any object.

Attribute - name of the attribute you want value of.

Default (optional) - returning value if no attribute found.

Getattr() Examples

class fruits:
 f1 = 'mango'
 f2 = 'banana'
 f3 = 'apple'

a = getattr(fruits, 'f3')
b = getattr(fruits,'f3','orange')
c = getattr(fruits,'f5','orange')
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

Output

apple
apple
orange

26. Globals()

Globals() function is the python built-in function that returns the dictionary representing current global symbol table.

Syntax

globals()

Globals() Examples

print(globals())

Output

{'__name__': '__main__', '__file__': '/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__warningregistry__': {'version': 0}}

27. Hasattr()

Hasattr(), returns True if object as a specific attribute ; else False.

Syntax

hasattr(object, name)

Hasattr() parameters

Object - any python object.

Name - name of the attribute.

Hasattr() Examples

class fruits:
 f1 = 'mango'
 f2 = 'banana'
 f3 = 'apple'

a = hasattr(fruits, 'f3')
print(a)

Output

True

28. Hash()

This python built-in function returns hash value of the specified object.

Syntax

hash(object)

hash() parameters

object - any python object.

Hash() Examples

a = 'jay khandelwal'
b = hash(a)
print(b)

Output

-4414160042294183326

29. Help()

Help() function of python helps to get the documentation of the specified class, function, variable, etc.

Syntax

help(object)

Help() parameters

Object - any python object.

Help() Examples

help(int)

Output

Help on class int in module builtins:

class int(object)
 |  int([x]) -> integer
 |  int(x, base=10) -> integer
 |
 |  Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
 |  are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
 |  numbers, this truncates towards zero.
 |
 |  If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
 |  bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
 |  given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
 |  by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
 |  Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
 |  >>> int('0b100', base=0)
 |  4
--More--

30. Hex()

Hex() function returns lowercase hexadecimal string of the specified integers number.

Syntax

hex(value)

hex() parameters

Value - an integer number.

Hex() Examples

a = hex(37)
print(a)

Output

0x25

31. Id()

Id() function returns identity of the object in integer form.

Syntax

id(object)

id() parameters

object - any python object.

Id() Examples

a = 'hello world'
b = id(a)
print(b)

Output

548099915440

32. Input()

Input() is a python built in function allow the user to input. It converts the input value to the string.

Syntax

input(promt)

Input() parameters

promt - written string before input.

Input() Examples

a = input('enter your name :-')
print('welcome,',a)

Output

enter your name :-jay
welcome, jay

33. Int()

This python built-in function returns the integer number from the specified number or string (string must be number not alphabet).

Syntax

int(value, base)

int() parameters

value - any number or string that can be converting into integer.

base (optional) - number specifying format of number (default : 10).

Int() Examples

a = int('20')
print(a)

b = int('20',30)

print(b)

Output

20
60

34. Isinstance()

Isinstance() function returns Boolean value ; True if specified object is an instance of specified class and return Fasle if not.

Syntax

ininstance(object, class)

isinstance() parameters

object - name of a python object you want to check.

class - class name in which you want to check the availability of object.

Isinstance() Examples

a = '48'
b = isinstance(a,int)
print(b)

d = isinstance(38,(str,list,tuple,int))
print(d)

class car:
 name1 = 'bmw'
 name2 ='honda'
car1 = car()
z = isinstance(car1,car)
print(z)

Output

False
True
True

35. Issubclass()

This function also returns boolean value ; True if specified class is the subclass of another specified class and return False if not.

Syntax

insubclass(subclass, class)

Issubclass() parameters

subclass - class name.

class - class name.

Issubclass() Examples

Class fruits:
 a = 'fruits'

class apple(fruits):
 name = 'apple'

a = issubclass(apple,fruits)
print(a)

Output

True

36. Iter()

Iter() function return an iterator object.

Syntax

iter(object, sentinel)

Iter() Parameters 

Object => an iterable object.

Sentinel (optional) => when sentinel value is given, the object must be a callable object. If the value returned is equal to sentinel value iteration will stop.

Iter() Examples

a = iter(['apple','mango','guava'])
for i in a:
print(i)

Output

apple
mango
guava

37. Len()

This is commonly used python built-in function. This function calculates the length of the specified argument. An argument may be string, range, list, tuple, bytes, dictionary, set, or frozenset.

Syntax

len(object)

len() parameters

object - any python object.

Len() Examples

list = ['delhi', 'up', 'punjab','maharastra']

a = len(list)

print(a)

Output

4

38. List()

List() function creates a python list object.

Syntax

list(iterable)

list() parameters

iterable - an iterator object

List() Examples

a = list((1,27,7,8,0,4))
print(a)

Output

[1, 27, 7, 8, 0, 4]

39. Locals()

Local() python function returns a python dictionary of the local symbol table. The content of this dictionary should not be modified.

Syntax

locals()

Locals() Examples

a = locals()
print(a)

Output

{'__name__': '__main__', '__file__': '/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__warningregistry__': {'version': 0}, 'a': {...}}

40. Map()

The map() function applies the specified function for each item in specified iterable.

Syntax

map(function, iterable)

Map() Parameters

Function => function you want to execute for each iterable.

Iterable => an iterable object.

Map() Examples

def func(x):
a = len(x)
return a

list = ['one','two', 'three']
b = map(func, list)

print(tuple(b))

Output

(3, 3, 5)

41. Max()

This function returns the maximum value from the specified iterables.

Syntax

max(iterables)

Max() Parameters

Iterables => an iterable object like list, tuple, set.

Max() Examples

list = ['one','two', 'three', 'four']
list2 = [2,27,48,28,4,40]

print(max(list))
print(max(list2))

Output

two
48

42. Memoryview()

Memoryview() function is a python built in function used to show the memory view of the specified argument.

Syntax

memoryview(object)

Memoryview() parameters

object - any python object.

Memoryview() Examples

a = bytes('python','utf-8')
b = memoryview(a)
print(b)
print(b[0])

Output

<memory at 0x7f92969348>

112   # unicode of the 1st letter "p"

43. Min()

This python function return the minimum value from the specified iterables.

Syntax

min(iterables)

Min() Parameters

Iterables => iterable python object like list, tuple, set.

Min() Examples 

list = ['one','two', 'three', 'four']
list2 = [2,27,48,28,4,40]

print(min(list))
print(min(list2))

Output

four
2

44. Next()

This function calls __next__() method to retrieve next item from iterator.

Syntax

next(iterator, default)

next() parameters

iterator - an iterable object.

default (default) - default value return if iterable reaches the end.

Next() Examples

a = [2,35, 55, 44 ,46, 44]
c = iter(a)
b = next(c)
print(b)

Output

2

45. Object()

Object() function returns the new featureless python object.

Syntax
Object()

Object() Examples

a = object()
print(a)

Output

<object object at 0x7f9f2f70d0>

46. Oct()

This python built-in function returns octal string from the specified integer number. Always starts with prefix '0o'.

Syntax

oct(value)

oct() parameters

value - an integer number.

Oct() Examples

a = oct(37)
print(a)

Output

0o45

47. Open()

This function opens the specified file and raise OS error, if file not opened.

Syntax

open(file, mode, buffering)

Open() Parameters

File => name of the file.

Mode (optional) => mode in which you want to open the file. Modes :- 'r' : read ; 'w' : write ; 'a' : append ; 'x' : create ; 't' : text ; 'b' : binary ;. Default is 'r' .

Buffering (optional) => integer to set buffering policy.

Open() Examples

f = open("xyz.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

Output

Hello! welcome to python built-in functions tutorial

48. Ord()

Ord() function returns an integer number represent a unicode point of a given unicode character.

Syntax

ord(character)

ord() parameters

character - any character.

Ord() Examples

a = ord('&')
print(a)

Output

38

49. Pow()

Pow() function returns value of 'x' to the power 'y' .

Syntax

pow(base, exponent, modulas)

pow() parameters

base - base number.

exponent - exponent number.

modulas (optional) - modulas number.

Pow() Examples

a = pow(9,2)
print(a)

Output

81

50. Print()

It refers to the commonly used python built-in function. It is used to print the given object to the screen or to the standard output device.

Syntax

print(object, sep, end, flush)

Print() parameters

Object - any object.

Sep (optional) => specify how to separate object, if more then one.

End (optional) => specify what to do at the end (default : '/n').

File (optional) => an object with write(string) method.

Flush (optional) => a Boolean value, specify if the output is buffered (False) or flushed (True). Default is False.

Print() Examples

print('hello world')

Output

hello world

51. @Property

This function returns a property attribute. It allow us to access function like an attribute.

Syntax

@property

@property Examples

class employer:
def __init__(self, f_name, l_name):
self.f_name = f_name
self.l_name = l_name

@property
def full_name(self):
return self.f_name + ' ' +self.l_name

e1 = employer('puneet','sharma')
print(e1.full_name)

Output

puneet sharma

52. Range()

Range() function returns to the immutable sequence between the numbers started from given number to the specified end number.

Syntax

range(start, stop, step)

Range() Parameters

Start - integer number specifying starting position of the range.

Stop - integer number specifying end position of the range.

Step (optional) - number by which number increment. Default: 1 .

Range() Examples

a = range(3,17)
b = range(3,17,3)

print(list(a))
print(list(b))

Output

[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
[3, 6, 9, 12, 15]

53. Repr()

This python function returns a printable version of an object.

Syntax

repr(object)

Repr() parameters

Object - an object.

Repr() Examples

a = 'python'
print(repr(a))

Output

'python'

54. Reversed()

Reversed() function returns iterator object by reversing it.

Syntax

reversed(sequence)

Reversed() parameters

Sequence - an iterable object.

Reversed() Examples

a =('mango', 'apple', 'banana','orange')
b = reversed(a)
print(tuple(b))

Output

('orange', 'banana', 'apple', 'mango')

55. Round()

Round() function returns the round off version of a float number to the given number of decimals.

Syntax

rount(value, digits)

Round() parameters

Value - any number you want to round off.

Digits (optional) - number of decimals required.

Round() Examples

a = 30.4848
b = round(a,2)
print(b)

Output

30.48

56. Set()

This function creates new python set object.

Syntax

set(iterable)

Set() parameters

Iterable - an iterable object.

Set() Examples

a = set((47,38,28,59))
print(a)

Output

{59, 28, 38, 47}

57. Setattr()

This python function is used for as the name suggests, settings the attribute value.

Syntax

setattr(object, name, value)

Setattr() parameters

Object - an object.

Name - attribute name you want to set.

Value - value you want to set.

Setattr() Examples

class fruits:
name1 = 'apple'
name2 = 'orange'

a = fruits()
print(a.name1)
b = setattr(a,a.name1,'mango')
c = getattr(a, a.name1)
print(c)

Output

apple
mango

58. Slice()

This function returns slice object.

Syntax

slice(start, stop, step)

Slice() parameters

Start - an integer number specifying position from which slicing starts.

Stop - an integer specifying position at which slicing stops.

Step (optional) - an integer number specifying steps to take while slicing.

Slice() Examples

list = ['apple','orange','mango','banana']
a = slice(2)
print(list[a])

Output

['apple', 'orange']

59. Sorted()

Sorted() function returns a sorted list of specified iterable object i.e sort either alphabetical or numerically.

Syntax

sorted(iterable, key, reverse)

Sorted() parameters

Iterable - an iterable object like list, tuple.

Key (optional) - function to use when sorting. Default: none.

Reverse (optional) - a Boolean value (default = False) . If True reverse the order.

Sorted() Examples

list = ['apple','orange','mango','banana']
a = sorted(list)
print(a)

Output

['apple', 'banana', 'mango', 'orange']

60. Staticmethod

Converts a method into static method.

Syntax
@staticmehod

Staticmethod() Examples

class employer:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

@staticmethod
def say_hi():
print('hello')

e1 = employer('hritik')
e1.say_hi()

Output

hello

61. Str()

Str() function convert the given value into string.

Syntax

Str(object, encoding, error)

Str() parameters

Object - any object to convert into a string.

Encoding (optional) - format of encoding (default = UTF-8).

Error (optional) - specifying what if error occurs in decoding.

Str() Examples

a = str(37)
print(a)

Output

37

62. Sum()

It returns the sum of all the numbers in an iterable.

Syntax

Sum(iterable, start)

Sum() parameters

Iterable - an iterable object.

Start (optional) - number added to the sum.

Sum() Examples

list = [3,73,48,25,35,3,9]
list1 = [20,40,30]
a = sum(list)
b = sum(list1,10)
print(a)
print(b)

Output

196
100

63. Super()

Super() function gives access of methods and properties of the parent class to its subclass

Syntax
Super()

Super() Examples

class fruits:
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text

def printer(self):
print(self.text)

class apple(fruits):
def __init__(self, text):
super().__init__(text)

apple1 = apple('hello my name is apple')

apple1.printer()

Output

hello my name is apple

64. Tuple()

The tuple() function creates new python tuple object.

Syntax

tuple(iterable)

Tuple() parameters

Iterable - an iterable object.

Tuple() Examples

list1 = [20,40,30]
a = tuple(list1)
print(a)

Output

(20, 40, 30)

65. Type()

The type() function is used to know the type of object like :- string, list, dictionary, etc.

Syntax

type(object, bases, dict)

Type() parameters

Object - any python
 object.

Bases (optional) - specify the base class.

Dict (optional) - namespace specifying definition for class.

Type() Examples

list1 = [20,40,30]
string = 'python'
a = type(list1)
b = type(string)
print(a)
print(b)

Output

<class 'list'>
<class 'str'>

66. Var()

The var() function returns the __dict__ attribute of the specified object.

Syntax

var(object)

Var() parameters

Object => any object with "__dict__" attribute.

Var() Examples

class fruits:
name1 = 'apple'
name2 = 'mango'
a = vars(fruits)
print(a)

Output

{'__module__': '__main__', 'name1': 'apple', 'name2': 'mango', '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'fruits' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'fruits' objects>, '__doc__': None}

67. Zip()

This python built-in function returns a tuple of iterator by taking iterables as an arguments.

Syntax

zip(iterables)

Zip() Parameters

Iterable => iterable like list, tuple.

Zip() Examples

list1 = [1,2,3,4]
list2 = ['apple','mango','orange','banana']

a = zip(list1,list2)
print(list(a))

Output

[(1, 'apple'), (2, 'mango'), (3, 'orange'), (4, 'banana')]

Conclusion

They may overwhelmed at once but as you practice them regularly you can easily learn all python built in functions. 

I hope you like this article, know you know about all the python built-in functions.