Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning | Types & Difference

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the hottest topic we heard about, in technology world. But you may recently heard about Machine Learning (ML) which is used sometimes interchangeably with AI but are not the same. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are different from each other in their logical thinking, algorithms and approach.

Machine learning is a part or subset of artificial intelligence. Or we can say all machine learning is AI but all AI is not machine learning.

In this article you would learn about what is artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), types of AI and ML, and difference between AI and ML and many more.

Why is Artificial intelligence and Machine learning rapidly growing in today's world ?

You might have think that Artificial intelligence and Machine learning was a concept of the 21st century. But actually, this concept is about 70 years old.

Because of lower speed of processors and lack of huge amount of data, our researchers were not able to properly implement on it.

As the usage of internet increases along with the technological advancement, we are able to collect more and more data. And speed of processors also increases.

As a result in today's world we have tremendous amount of data in our hand along with the very high speed processors which helps in training the machine learning algorithms and hence, improves the artificial intelligence.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and it's types ?

Artificial intelligence refers to intelligence which is demonstrated by the computer or the machines. In another words, it refers to the ability of the computer to perform the task in a manner human beings can do. Like :- learning, problem solving, etc.Artificial intelligence is one of the widest branch of computer science that includes many sub topics like :- machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and so on.

Types of Artificial Intelligence :-

1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)

Artificial Narrow Intelligence

 Artificial narrow intelligence or artificial weak intelligence refers to the intelligence, which performs only dedicated tasks. It cannot performs beyond his limit because it is trained only for particular task.

It is the only AI which is archived by the AI researchers in the world.

For example :- siri by iPhone, self driving car, recommendation engine suggesting products based on the purchase history, facial recognition software and so on.

Artificial General Intelligence

Artificial General Intelligence is a type of artificial intelligence in which, computer has a ability to think, and make decisions like a human.

This type of artificial intelligence doesn't exists yet, but the AI researchers are focusing on developing it.

Artificial Super Intelligence

Artificial Super Intelligence refer to the intelligence at which computer could surpass human intelligence and perform tasks better than the human fastly.

Ability of the super AI includes ability to think, make judgement, solve the problem, communicates by its own, can feel and have emotions.

What is Machine Learning (ML) and it's types ?

Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning refers to the process which helps the computer to learn from the data and improve their algorithms automatically through experience.

Types of Machine Learning :-

1. Supervised Learning
2. Unsupervised Learning
3. Reinforcement Learning

Supervised Learning

Supervised Learning is a type of Machine Learning in which, we teach or train the machine by using the supervised data or well labelled data. Labelled data is a data which contains both input and output of some data.

After that, we provides the new set of data to the machine and then machine gives output by analysing the labelled data using the supervised learning algorithms.

Under supervised learning, algorithms is supervised by the well defined labelled data just like "teacher supervises his student" as shown in the image above.

Types of supervised learning

Classification - under this, machine is trained to classify data on some basis.

Regression - under this, machine is trained to predict some values like - height, weight, price, etc

Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of Machine Learning in which, we gave the unlabeled data to the machine learning algorithms and allow the algorithm to act on it according to their guidance.

Then, the algorithm sort the data on the bases of the difference, features and similarly without any guidance.


Types of unsupervised learning

Cluster - under this, the data is divided is some category on the basis of some similarities, features or difference. Such as grouping the customer on the basis of their purchasing behaviour

Association - under this, you want to discover the rules that discovers the large set of data. Such as people how buy product "x" also trends to buy product"y".

Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement Learning refers to the machine learning algorithm which learn from their own mistake i.e it is a type of learning in which agent (computer program) interact with the environment to find out the best outcome.

The agent is rewarded with point for good answer or step and penalized for bad answer or step.

Types of reinforcement learning

Positive - It refers to the advancement of the behaviour and impacts positive on the action taken by the agent.

Negative - It refers to the advancement of behaviour that occur to the negative condition, which should be avoided.

Application that uses Machine Learning

Search engines - Many search engines like Google uses Machine Learning to improve their search results. Every time you search on google, it's algorithms watch you how you responds on the results. And improves their searches by seeing the user behaviour.

Product recommendation - After you purchases some products from Amazon or search some product on it you might have noticed that amazon website recommends some items that somehow match your taste, it is all because of machine learning running at the backend of the website. On the bases of your behaviour like products purchased,  items in cart, etc. product is recommended to the user.

Difference between Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Vs Machine Learning (ML)

Basis	Artificial Intelligence	Machine Learning
Means	Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of the machine to do tasks in a manner human can do.	Machine learning is a subset of AI which helps the computer to learn from the data we provide.
Concept	It is a wider concept, as it includes machine learning, deep learning, computer vision and so on.	It is narrow concept as compared to AI. As it a part of AI.
Develop	Developed to mimic human behaviour.	Develop for self learning algorithms.
Aim	Aim is to create an intelligent system which can perform various tasks easily.	Aim is to perform those tasks for which it is trained.
Works	It is a computer program which does smart works.	It is a computer program which learns from data.
Leads	It leads to wisdom	It leads to knowledge
Concert	Concerned about maximising the chance of success.	Concerned about maximising the accuracy.
Types	It is divided into 3 type which are, weak AI, general AI, and strong AI	It is also divided into 3 types which are, supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning.
Application	Applications that uses AI are Alexa, humanoid robot, speech recognition, facebook and so on.	Applications that uses ML are videos surveillance, email spam filtering, products recommendation, online frauds detection and so on.

Conclusion

I hope this article is useful for you and now you know what is artificial intelligence and machine learning and difference between artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).